“ Carcinoid tumours are neuroendocrine tumours with low malignant potential; overall prognosis is good. They are associated with multiple e...
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Carcinoid tumours are neuroendocrine tumours with low malignant potential; overall prognosis is good.
They are associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type-1.
They are well-vascularised, endobronchial lesions, so commonly present with haemoptysis. Cough and recurrent pneumonia are also common.
• Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia—may be a precursor to a bronchial carcinoid. Characterised by small lung nodules, air-trapping, ground-glass opacification and bronchiectasis.
PLAIN FILM
• Atelectasis commonly, a nodule (typically perihilar) may be seen.
CT
• Avidly arterial enhancing endobronchial lesion.
• Rounded appearance and mostly found centrally (20% are peripheral).
• A third calcify, no fat content and rarely cavitate.
• Check lymph nodes for evidence of metastasis—Note: Lymph nodes may be enlarged from concurrent infection.
NUCLEAR MEDICINE
• Cold on fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET).
• Gallium 68 PET is used to stage carcinoid.
Carcinoid tumour. CT image demonstrating an avidly enhancing central mass with foci of calcification.
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